C Programming Tutorial

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Decision Control Statements The if statement Multiple if statement The if-else statement Ternary operator ( ? ) goto statement switch statement

Loops in C The While loop The do-while loop The for loop Nesting of Loops Break & Continue Statement

Array in C Declaration of an Array Entering Data into an Array Reading Data from an Array Array Elements in Memory Passing Array Elements to a Function Passing an Entire Array to a Function Two-Dimensional Arrays Initialising a 2-D Array Reading Data from 2-D Array Memory Map of 2-D Array Three-Dimensional Array

Pointer in C Pointer Variables Declaration Pointer Operators

String in C Pointers and Strings String Functions strlen( ) Function strcpy( ) Function strcat( ) Function strcmp( ) Function

Function in C Function Prototypes declaration Call by Value Call by Reference Returning Values Recursion

Structure in C Declaring a Structure Accessing Structure Members Structure Assignments Arrays of Structures Passing Structures to Functions Structure Pointers Uses of Structures

Union in C Difference Between Structure and Union

File Handling in C File Operations Opening a File Reading from a File Trouble in Opening a File Closing the File Writing to a File File Opening Modes File Handling Functions

Additional Tutorials on C

Objective Question on C

C Constants and Types of Constants

Constants refers to fixed values or a quantity that does not changed. This quantity can be stored at a locations in the memory of the computer. Constants can be of any of the basic data types. Constants are also called literals.

Type of Constants

C constants can be divided into two major categories :
1. Primary Constants
2. Secondary Constants

Types of C Constants

Primary Constants

Primary Constants are Integer Constant, Real Constant and Character Constant.

• Integer Constant

An integer constant must have at least one digit and must not have a decimal point. It can be either positive or negative If no sign precedes an integer constant it is assumed to be positive. The allowable range for integer constants is -32768 to 32767.
Ex- +325.34, 426.0

• Real Constants

Real constants are often called Floating Point constants. The real constants could be written in Fractional form and Exponential form.
A real constant must have at least one digit and must have a decimal point.
Ex- +3.2e-5, -0.2e+3

• Character Constants

A character constant is a single alphabet, a single digit or a single special symbol enclosed within single inverted commas. Both the inverted commas should point to the left. For example, ’A’ is a valid character constant whereas ‘A’ is not. The maximum length of a character constant can be 1 character.
Ex- 'A', '5'

C Programming Tutorial

C Constants and Types of Constants