Ecology
Ecology
» Study of inter relationship between living organisms and their environment.
» Environment include both biotic and abiotic factors.
» Various population of living in a definite geographical region is called Biotic Community.
» Ecosystem or Ecological system word was first coined by the scientist namely Tansley.
Every ecosystem is made up of two components -
(a) Biotic component - Living part
(b) Abiotic component - Non living part
Biotic component
It is divided into three parts -
1. Producer
2. Consumer
3. Decomposers
(1) Producer :
Those components that make their own food. Like - green plants.
(2) Consumer :
Those components that consumes the food made by plant. Consumers are of three types -
(a) Primary consumers : In this category those organisms are included that lives on green plants or some parts of them.
(b) Secondary consumers : In this category those organisms are included that depends on the primary consumers as their food. Like - fox, wolf, peacock etc.
(c) Tertiary consumers : In this category those organisms are included that depends on the secondary consumers. Like - Tiger, lion, cheetah etc.
(3) Decomposers : Mainly fungi and bacteria are included in this category. These decomposes dead producers and consumers and changes them into physical elements.
Abiotic components
Abiotic components are as follows -
1. Carbonic substance
2. Non-carbonic substance
3. Climatic factor
Example: Water, light, temperature, air, humidity, minerals etc.
Food Chain
Transfer of energy from the producer through a series of organisms.
» The term steppe is associated with bio-region grass-lands.
» About 2% of the world's land area is tropical rainforest.
» Beef is the world growing appetite for food product which is the leading cause of tropical deforestation.