Basic Linux Tutorial

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Introduction to Linux History of Linux Linux distributions Advantages of Linux Difference between Linux and Windows

» Linux File System » Root Directory » Bin Directory » Configuration Directories » Data Directories » Memory Directories » Unix System Resources

Basic Linux Commands Login Related Command User Login Related Commands General Orientation Commands

File Managing Commands Working with Directories Working with Files Working with File Contents Filter Commands

File Permission & Access Ownership of Linux files Permissions of Linux files Changing file permissions Absolute or Numeric Mode Symbolic Mode Changing Owners and Groups

Input & Output Redirection Standard Output Redirection Standard Input Redirection Standard Error Redirection

Piping The T-Junction I/O Redirection & Piping

Other Linux Commands ARPA Services Commands Berkeley Services Commands Process Control Command Offline file Storage

Vi Editor Modes Used in Vi Editor Starting and Stopping Vi Cursor Movement Inserting and Deleting Text Replacing Text Search and Replace Cut, Copy, and Paste Importing and Exporting Text Configuring Vi Options

Shell Scripting Variables Passing Data Through Environment Variables Special Shell Variables Command Line Arguments The shift Command The read Command The echo Command

Branching The test Command Testing Numeric & String Values Testing Files & Logical Operators The if then fi Structure The if then else fi Structure The case Structure

Loops The let command The while-do-done Loop The until-do-done Loop The for-do-done Loop

Linux Data Directories

/home

This is where users keep their personal files. Every user has their own directory under /home, and usually it’s the only place where normal users are allowed to write files. It is common practice to name the users home directory after the user name in the format /home/$USERNAME. A typical Linux/ Linux user profile contains many hidden files (files whose file name starts with a dot). The hidden files of the Linux/ Unix user profiles contain settings specific for that user.

/srv

It may use /srv for data that is served by your system. The FHS allows locating cvs, rsync, ftp and www data in this location. The FHS also approves administrative naming in /srv, like /srv/project55/ftp and /srv/sales/www.

On Sun Solaris (or Oracle Solaris) /export is used for this purpose.

/media

The /media directory serves as a mount point for removable media devices such as CDROM's, digital cameras, and various usb-attached devices. Since /media is rather new in the Unix world, you could very well encounter systems running without this directory. Solaris 9 does not have it, Solaris 10 does. Most Linux distributions today mount all removable media in /media.

/mnt

The /mnt directory should be empty and should only be used for temporary mount points (according to the FHS). Directory created and/or mounted inside /mnt to be used for various local and remote filesystems.

/tmp

Applications and users should use /tmp to store temporary data when needed. Data stored in /tmp may use either disk space or RAM. Both of which are managed by the operating system. Never use /tmp to store data that is important or which you wish to archive.

Basic Linux Tutorial

Linux Data Directories