Basic Linux Tutorial

Computer Tutorial

Introduction to Linux History of Linux Linux distributions Advantages of Linux Difference between Linux and Windows

» Linux File System » Root Directory » Bin Directory » Configuration Directories » Data Directories » Memory Directories » Unix System Resources

Basic Linux Commands Login Related Command User Login Related Commands General Orientation Commands

File Managing Commands Working with Directories Working with Files Working with File Contents Filter Commands

File Permission & Access Ownership of Linux files Permissions of Linux files Changing file permissions Absolute or Numeric Mode Symbolic Mode Changing Owners and Groups

Input & Output Redirection Standard Output Redirection Standard Input Redirection Standard Error Redirection

Piping The T-Junction I/O Redirection & Piping

Other Linux Commands ARPA Services Commands Berkeley Services Commands Process Control Command Offline file Storage

Vi Editor Modes Used in Vi Editor Starting and Stopping Vi Cursor Movement Inserting and Deleting Text Replacing Text Search and Replace Cut, Copy, and Paste Importing and Exporting Text Configuring Vi Options

Shell Scripting Variables Passing Data Through Environment Variables Special Shell Variables Command Line Arguments The shift Command The read Command The echo Command

Branching The test Command Testing Numeric & String Values Testing Files & Logical Operators The if then fi Structure The if then else fi Structure The case Structure

Loops The let command The while-do-done Loop The until-do-done Loop The for-do-done Loop

Linux Memory Directories

Linux Memory Directories

/dev

The devices that are available to a Linux system. In Linux, devices are treated like files and you can read and write devices like they were files. For examples, /dev/fd0 is your first floppy drive, /dev/cdrom is your CD drive, /dev/hda is the first IDE hard drive, and so on.
All the devices that a Linux kernel can understand are located under /dev, and that’s why it contains hundreds of entries.

/proc

/proc is another special directory, appearing to be ordinary files, but not taking up disk space. It is actually a view of the kernel, or better, what the kernel manages, and is a means to interact with it directly. /proc is a proc filesystem.
» /proc/interrupts : On the x86 architecture, /proc/interrupts displays the interrupts.
» /proc/kcore : The physical memory is represented in /proc/kcore. Do not try to cat this file, instead use a debugger. The size of /proc/kcore is the same as your physical memory, plus four bytes.

/sys

The /sys directory was created for the Linux 2.6 kernel. Since 2.6, Linux uses sysfs to support usb and IEEE 1394 (FireWire) hot plug devices. See the manual pages of udev(8) (the successor of devfs) and hotplug(8) for more info (or visit http://linuxhotplug. sourceforge.net/ ).
Basically the /sys directory contains kernel information about hardware.

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