Hydrogen
Hydrogen
Symbol : H,
Atomic Number — 1,
Mass Number — 1
Uses of Hydrogen :
This is used as a fuel (liquid hydrogen) in the rocket, in the production of ammonia (NH3) by Haber’s process, in the manufacturing of vegetable ghee, in the production of Gasolene, in filling the balloons, etc.
Various forms of Hydrogen
Nascent Hydrogen :
In the process of chemical reaction, a suddenly emerged hydrogen gas is called atomic hydrogen.
Isotopes of Hydrogen :
There are three isotopes of hydrogen —
» Protium (1H1)
» Deuterium (1H2)
» Tritium (1H3)
» Protium (1H1)
It has equal atomic number and mass number, and it is equal to 1.
» Deuterium (1H2)
This is called heavy hydrogen and it has atomic number = 1, mass number = 2. It was invented by Urey Brickwedde and Murphy in 1931. It is used in explaining the mechanism of organic reaction and as a bombarding particle of the nuclear reactions.
» Tritium (1H3)
Tritium is a rarely occurring isotope of hydrogen, and it is a beta emitter and a radioactive substance. Atomic number and mass number of it is 1 and 3, respectively, while its half-life period is 12.4 years.
Compounds of Hydrogen and its Isotopes
1. Heavy Water (D2O)
The density of heavy water (D2O) is more than ordinary water (H2O).
2. Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2)
This is a light bluish dense liquid without any smell, and, due to presence of Hydrogen bonding, it (H2O2) looks like an ordinary water (H2O) and is an associated liquid.
3. Ordinary Water (H2O)
This is a compound whose pure form is neutral, and its pH is 7. Pure water is a bad conductor of electricity, but an acidic water is a good conductor of electricity. At 4°C, the density of the water is maximum and its volume is minimum. The ordinary water transforms into ice at 0°C. The rainy water is the purest form of the water, and 97% parts of the entire water are assumed to be confined in ocean surroundings, while the rest 3% is only assumed to be confined in the pure form. The conversion of water into the ice and into the water vapour are examples of physical changes.