Computer Fundamental

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Introduction to Computer What is Computer Component of computer Characteristics of computer Application of computer Advantages of computer Disadvantages of computer Computer hardware Computer software

Generation of Computer First Generation of Computer Second Generation of Computer Third Generation of Computer Fourth Generation of Computer Fifth Generation of Computer

Types of Computer According to functionality On the basis of Size Microcomputers Computer Minicomputers Computer Mainframe Computer Supercomputer Computer On the basis of Purpose

Component of Computer Input-Process-Output Concept Computer Hardware Computer Software Data, Information and Knowledge

Central Processing Unit ALU & CU CPU Registers Motherboard Ports and Interfaces Processor Types of Processors

Input devices Keyboard Mouse TrackBall Joystick Digitizing Tablet Light Pen Touch Screen Audio Input Device Vidio Input Device Scanner Optical Input Devices

Output devices Monitor Audio system Printer Plotter Projector

Computer Memory Memory Representation Memory Hierarchy CPU Registers Cache Memory Primary memory Random Access Memory Read Only Memory Data Access Methods Secondary Memory Magnetic Tape Magnetic Disk Hard Disk Floppy Disk Zip Disk Optical Disk CD-ROM Recordable Optical Disk Differences between Primary and Secondary Memory

Computer Ports Serial Ports Parallel Ports PS/2 port USB Port VGA Port DVI Port Ethernet Port

Computer Software System Software Operating System Device Driver System Utilities Application software

Programming Language Machine Language Assembly Language High-level Language Translator Software Difference Between a Compiler and An Interpreter Linker & Loader

» Flow Chart » Flow Chart Symbols » Rules For Drawing Flowcharts » How to draw flowchart » Types of Flowcharts

Number System Kinds of Number Systems Converting Decimal Integer to Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal Converting Decimal Fraction to Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal Converting Decimal Integer Fraction to Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal Conversion of Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal to Decimal Conversion of Binary to Octal, Hexadecimal Conversion of Octal, Hexadecimal to Binary Binary Arithmetic Complement of Binary Numbers Binary Data Representation Binary Coding Schemes

Operating System Types of OS Functions of OS Process Management CPU Scheduling Process Synchronization Memory Management File Management Device Management

DOS OS & Commands Physical Structure of Disk Function of DOS Types of file system Internal commands External commands

Computer Network Data Transmission Media & Modes Guided Media Unguided Media Network Types LAN Topologies Network Devices

Internet Internet Architecture Internet Address World Wide Web Web Browser Internet Search Engines Electronic Mail Uses of Internet

MCQ on Fundamental of Computer

Flow Chart Symbol

The various flow chart symbols suggested by ANSI (American National Standard Institute) are show :

1. The Terminal symbol

It is used to indicate a point at which the flow chart begins or ends. It is an accepted procedure to insert the words START and STOP within the Terminal symbol. All flow charts must have START and STOP symbols.

Terminal symbol

2. Data, or Input / Output symbol

It is used to represent the logical positioning of input and output operation. The input operation means the entry of computer data and output operation generally means the displayed output information.
The I/O symbol shows an input operation for collecting data relating to a student's name, roll number and class. On the other hand the I/O symbol, shows an output opera¬tion for displaying the student's name, roll no, class and total marks obtained by him.

Data, or Input / Output symbol

3. Processing symbol

This symbol represents some operations on data. For example, arithmetic operations on data, or data movement from storage area (Hard disk, Magnetic tape etc) to main memory of computer, or sorting of a file etc. can be depicted in this symbol.
X = A + B
The above block indicates that X, A and B are memory locations in the main memory and it is required that contents of A and B be added and stored in X. In a programming language, these memory locations are called as variables. Thus, X, A and B are variables.

Processing symbol

4. Decision symbol

This symbol represents a logical operation showing a decision point in a program. The two main components of a Decision symbol arte:
1. A question that defines the logical operation.
2. The result of the decision (Yes, No).
The question asked within the Decision symbol is known as a conditional statement and the operation is called as logical operation. YES and NO are the only two answers possible and therefore there are two exits from the Decision symbol in most of the cases. These two exits are known as conditional branches of the decision.

Decision symbol

5. Annotation symbol

Programmers often want to write remarks or comments in a flow chart which do not affect the processing but clarify a particular point in the flow chart. The Annotation symbol can be used for this purpose and a trivial

Annotation Symbol

6. Flow symbol

A flow symbol is an arrow that shows the flow of program logic in a flow chart.

Flow Symbol

7. Connector Symbol

It is used to indicate a junction at which the flow chart comes from a part of the flow chart on another page

Connector Symbol

Predefined Process

In order to reduce com¬plexity, sometimes a group of instructions are detailed elsewhere and not detailed in the flowchart itself. Such group of instructions is given a name that can be referred to in the symbol called predefined process.

Predefined symbol

Printed output

If the output of a program is to be printed instead of being displayed on the screen

Printed symbol

OFFPAGE Connector

When a flowchart spans more than one page then the off page connector can be used to indicate entry to or exit from a page. However, the ordinary connector symbol can also be used for this purpose by suitable modifications.

OffPage Connector symbol

Computer Fundamental

Flow Chart Symbol