Computer Fundamental

Computer Tutorial

Introduction to Computer What is Computer Component of computer Characteristics of computer Application of computer Advantages of computer Disadvantages of computer Computer hardware Computer software

Generation of Computer First Generation of Computer Second Generation of Computer Third Generation of Computer Fourth Generation of Computer Fifth Generation of Computer

Types of Computer According to functionality On the basis of Size Microcomputers Computer Minicomputers Computer Mainframe Computer Supercomputer Computer On the basis of Purpose

Component of Computer Input-Process-Output Concept Computer Hardware Computer Software Data, Information and Knowledge

Central Processing Unit ALU & CU CPU Registers Motherboard Ports and Interfaces Processor Types of Processors

Input devices Keyboard Mouse TrackBall Joystick Digitizing Tablet Light Pen Touch Screen Audio Input Device Vidio Input Device Scanner Optical Input Devices

Output devices Monitor Audio system Printer Plotter Projector

Computer Memory Memory Representation Memory Hierarchy CPU Registers Cache Memory Primary memory Random Access Memory Read Only Memory Data Access Methods Secondary Memory Magnetic Tape Magnetic Disk Hard Disk Floppy Disk Zip Disk Optical Disk CD-ROM Recordable Optical Disk Differences between Primary and Secondary Memory

Computer Ports Serial Ports Parallel Ports PS/2 port USB Port VGA Port DVI Port Ethernet Port

Computer Software System Software Operating System Device Driver System Utilities Application software

Programming Language Machine Language Assembly Language High-level Language Translator Software Difference Between a Compiler and An Interpreter Linker & Loader

Flow Chart Flow Chart Symbols Rules For Drawing Flowcharts How to draw flowchart Types of Flowcharts

Number System Kinds of Number Systems Converting Decimal Integer to Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal Converting Decimal Fraction to Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal Converting Decimal Integer Fraction to Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal Conversion of Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal to Decimal Conversion of Binary to Octal, Hexadecimal Conversion of Octal, Hexadecimal to Binary Binary Arithmetic Complement of Binary Numbers Binary Data Representation Binary Coding Schemes

Operating System Types of OS Functions of OS Process Management CPU Scheduling Process Synchronization Memory Management File Management Device Management

» DOS OS & Commands » Physical Structure of Disk » Function of DOS » Types of file system » Internal commands » External commands

Computer Network Data Transmission Media & Modes Guided Media Unguided Media Network Types LAN Topologies Network Devices

Internet Internet Architecture Internet Address World Wide Web Web Browser Internet Search Engines Electronic Mail Uses of Internet

MCQ on Fundamental of Computer

Internal DOS Commands

These are those commands for which the code for executing them is stored in COMMAND.COM and they execute without the requirement of any other file. When an internal command is issue by the user, the transient portion knows what to do and executes that command.

Date

It displays the current system date and prompts you to change the date, if necessary.
Syntax : C:\>date < mm-dd-yy >

Time

It sets the computer‘s internal clock if command is issued with parameters otherwise displays the systemtime.
Syntax : C:\>time < hours: minutes: seconds: hundredths >

Clear Screen

It clears the screen. The cleared screen shows only the command prompt and the blinking cursor.
Syntax : C:\>cls

Ver

Ver command displays the MS-DOS version no.
Syntax : C:\>ver

Vol

It displays the current volume label and the serial number of the specified drive. If drive specifier is omitted Vol takes the current drive by default.
Syntax : C:\vol < d:>

Break

It enables the DOS to check for Ctrl + C and Ctrl – break as the signal to terminate the current program less frequently. If you run Break without any parameters, the current state of break checking is displayed.
Syntax : C:\>break < on/off >

MKDIR (or MD)

It creates a multilevel directory.
Syntax : C:\>MKDIR (or MD) < drive: > < path >

CHDIR (or CD)

It changes the current directory or displays the name of the current directory.
Syntax : C:\>CHDIR (or CD) < drive: > < path >

Dir

It displays the list of the files and sub-directories that are in the directory specified.
Syntax : C:\> dir < drive: > < path > < filename >

Copy

It copy one or more files to the location specified and can also be used to combine.
Syntax : C:\>copy < source > < target >

EDLIN

It is the line-oriented text editor.
Syntax : C:\>EDLIN < filename >

Del

It deletes the files specified.
Syntax : C:\>del < drive: > < path > < filename >

Prompt

It chanes the appearance of the command prompt or displays the current prompt.
Syntax : C:\>prompt < text >

RMDIR (or RD)

It removes the directory.
Syntax : C:\>RMDIR (or RD) < drive: > < path >

Rename (or REN)

It changes the name of the file or files specified and can also rename all files matching the specified filename.
Syntax : C:\>rename (or REN) < drive: > < path >< original filename > < changed filename >

Type

It displays the contents of a text file or view the contents of any text file without modifying it.
Syntax : C:\>type < drive: > < path > < filename >

Path

It is used to earch for the executable files in the directories specified.
Syntax : C:\> path < drive: > < path > < ………… >

Verify

It verifies that the files are written correctly to the disk.
Syntax : C:\>verify

Computer Fundamental

Internal DOS Commands