Computer Fundamental

Computer Tutorial

Introduction to Computer What is Computer Component of computer Characteristics of computer Application of computer Advantages of computer Disadvantages of computer Computer hardware Computer software

Generation of Computer First Generation of Computer Second Generation of Computer Third Generation of Computer Fourth Generation of Computer Fifth Generation of Computer

Types of Computer According to functionality On the basis of Size Microcomputers Computer Minicomputers Computer Mainframe Computer Supercomputer Computer On the basis of Purpose

Component of Computer Input-Process-Output Concept Computer Hardware Computer Software Data, Information and Knowledge

Central Processing Unit ALU & CU CPU Registers Motherboard Ports and Interfaces Processor Types of Processors

Input devices Keyboard Mouse TrackBall Joystick Digitizing Tablet Light Pen Touch Screen Audio Input Device Vidio Input Device Scanner Optical Input Devices

Output devices Monitor Audio system Printer Plotter Projector

Computer Memory Memory Representation Memory Hierarchy CPU Registers Cache Memory Primary memory Random Access Memory Read Only Memory Data Access Methods Secondary Memory Magnetic Tape Magnetic Disk Hard Disk Floppy Disk Zip Disk Optical Disk CD-ROM Recordable Optical Disk Differences between Primary and Secondary Memory

Computer Ports Serial Ports Parallel Ports PS/2 port USB Port VGA Port DVI Port Ethernet Port

Computer Software System Software Operating System Device Driver System Utilities Application software

Programming Language Machine Language Assembly Language High-level Language Translator Software Difference Between a Compiler and An Interpreter Linker & Loader

Flow Chart Flow Chart Symbols Rules For Drawing Flowcharts How to draw flowchart Types of Flowcharts

Number System Kinds of Number Systems Converting Decimal Integer to Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal Converting Decimal Fraction to Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal Converting Decimal Integer Fraction to Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal Conversion of Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal to Decimal Conversion of Binary to Octal, Hexadecimal Conversion of Octal, Hexadecimal to Binary Binary Arithmetic Complement of Binary Numbers Binary Data Representation Binary Coding Schemes

Operating System Types of OS Functions of OS Process Management CPU Scheduling Process Synchronization Memory Management File Management Device Management

» DOS OS & Commands » Physical Structure of Disk » Function of DOS » Types of file system » Internal commands » External commands

Computer Network Data Transmission Media & Modes Guided Media Unguided Media Network Types LAN Topologies Network Devices

Internet Internet Architecture Internet Address World Wide Web Web Browser Internet Search Engines Electronic Mail Uses of Internet

MCQ on Fundamental of Computer

DOS External Commands

External commands

These are the independent executable files that can be used as separate utilities also. Information about these files is also stored in the transient portion. When an external command is issued, the transient portion picks up the relevant file of that command and executes it.

Attrib

It lets you display or alter the attributes assigned to a file or directory.
Syntax : C:\>attrib < +A/-A > < +H/-H > < +R/-R >< +S/-S >< d: >< path > < filename >

Chkdsk

It checks a disk‘s file allocation table entries for errors and find whether the files are o.k. or not.
Syntax : C:\>chkdsk < d:> < path> < filename>

Comp

It compares two files byte-by-byte and reports the differences.
Syntax : C:\>comp < d:>[ < path + filename>]< d:>[< path+ filename>]

Format

It creates a new directory and file allocation table for the disk.
Syntax : C:\>format < drive name>

Scandisk

It checks a drive for errors and corrects any problems that it finds.
Syntax : C:\> scandisk < drive name>

Tree

The structure of the specified drive from the specified directory down, listing all the sub-directories it encounters is displayed graphically.
Syntax : C:\>tree < drive name>

Deltree

It deletes a directory and all the files and sub-directories contained within it.
Syntax : C:\>deltree < drive>< path>

XCopy

It is used to copy all the files in a directory, including the files in the sub-directories of that directory.
Syntax : C:\>xcopy < source> < destination>

Print

It prints a text file.
Syntax : C:\>print < filename>

FDisk

It is the tool, DOS provides for setting up and managing hard disk partitions.
Syntax : C:\>fdisk

Label

It lets you create, modify or delete the label assigned to a disk.
Syntax : C:\>label < drive name>

Doskey

It edits command lines, recalls command lines and creates macros.
Syntax : C:\>doskey

It displays one screen of output at a time and in end of each screen displays the message.
Syntax : C:\>more < drive:> < path> < filename>

Backup

It lets the user to take the backup of hard disk files to floppies.
Syntax : C:\>backup < source> < destination>

Restore

It restores the files that were backed up on a floppy.
Syntax : C:\>restore < drive1> < drive2> < path> < filename>

Mem

It displays amount of used and free memory in the system.
Syntax : C:\>mem

FC

It compares two files or sets of files and displays the difference between them.
Syntax : C:\>fc < drive>< filename1> < drive>< filename2>