Computer Fundamental

Computer Tutorial

Introduction to Computer What is Computer Component of computer Characteristics of computer Application of computer Advantages of computer Disadvantages of computer Computer hardware Computer software

» Generation of Computer » First Generation of Computer » Second Generation of Computer » Third Generation of Computer » Fourth Generation of Computer » Fifth Generation of Computer

Types of Computer According to functionality On the basis of Size Microcomputers Computer Minicomputers Computer Mainframe Computer Supercomputer Computer On the basis of Purpose

Component of Computer Input-Process-Output Concept Computer Hardware Computer Software Data, Information and Knowledge

Central Processing Unit ALU & CU CPU Registers Motherboard Ports and Interfaces Processor Types of Processors

Input devices Keyboard Mouse TrackBall Joystick Digitizing Tablet Light Pen Touch Screen Audio Input Device Vidio Input Device Scanner Optical Input Devices

Output devices Monitor Audio system Printer Plotter Projector

Computer Memory Memory Representation Memory Hierarchy CPU Registers Cache Memory Primary memory Random Access Memory Read Only Memory Data Access Methods Secondary Memory Magnetic Tape Magnetic Disk Hard Disk Floppy Disk Zip Disk Optical Disk CD-ROM Recordable Optical Disk Differences between Primary and Secondary Memory

Computer Ports Serial Ports Parallel Ports PS/2 port USB Port VGA Port DVI Port Ethernet Port

Computer Software System Software Operating System Device Driver System Utilities Application software

Programming Language Machine Language Assembly Language High-level Language Translator Software Difference Between a Compiler and An Interpreter Linker & Loader

Flow Chart Flow Chart Symbols Rules For Drawing Flowcharts How to draw flowchart Types of Flowcharts

Number System Kinds of Number Systems Converting Decimal Integer to Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal Converting Decimal Fraction to Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal Converting Decimal Integer Fraction to Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal Conversion of Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal to Decimal Conversion of Binary to Octal, Hexadecimal Conversion of Octal, Hexadecimal to Binary Binary Arithmetic Complement of Binary Numbers Binary Data Representation Binary Coding Schemes

Operating System Types of OS Functions of OS Process Management CPU Scheduling Process Synchronization Memory Management File Management Device Management

DOS OS & Commands Physical Structure of Disk Function of DOS Types of file system Internal commands External commands

Computer Network Data Transmission Media & Modes Guided Media Unguided Media Network Types LAN Topologies Network Devices

Internet Internet Architecture Internet Address World Wide Web Web Browser Internet Search Engines Electronic Mail Uses of Internet

MCQ on Fundamental of Computer

Third Generation of Computer

Third Generation of Computer ( 1964 to 1971 )

The third generation computers used less power and generated less heat than the second generation computers. The cost of the computer reduced significantly, as individual components of the computer were not required to be assembled manually. The maintenance cost of the computers was also less compared to their predecessors.

Hardware Technology

The third generation computers used the Integrated Circuit (IC) chips.. In an IC chip, multiple transistors are placed on a silicon chip. Silicon is a type of semiconductor. The use of IC chip increased the speed and the efficiency of computer, manifold. The keyboard and monitor were used to interact with the third generation computer, instead of the punched card and printouts.

Integrated Circuits

Software Technology

The keyboard and the monitor were interfaced through the operating system. Operating system allowed different applications to run at the same time. High-level languages were used extensively for programming, instead of machine language and assembly language.

Computing Characteristics

The computation time was in nanoseconds.

Physical Appearance

The size of these computers was quite small compared to the second generation computers.

Application

Computers became accessible to mass audience. Computers were produced commercially, and were smaller and cheaper than their predecessors.

Examples

» PDP-11
» IBM 370

Third Generation Computer

Advantages of Third Generation of Computer

» Smaller in size as compared to second generation.
» More reliable.
» Portable
» Less electricity consumption.
» Heat generation was rare.
» General purpose computer.

Disadvantages of Third Generation of Computer

» Air conditioning was required in many cases due to ICs.
» Very advance technology was required to make the ICs.

Other Generation of compter are

» First Generation of Computer (1940 to 1956): Using Vacuum Tubes
» Second Generation of Computer (1956 to 1963): Using Transistors
» Fourth Generation of Computer (1971 to present): Using Microprocessors
» Fifth Generation of Computer (Present and Next): Using Artificial Intelligence