Computer Fundamental

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Generation of Computer First Generation of Computer Second Generation of Computer Third Generation of Computer Fourth Generation of Computer Fifth Generation of Computer

» Types of Computer » According to functionality » On the basis of Size » Microcomputers Computer » Minicomputers Computer » Mainframe Computer » Supercomputer Computer » On the basis of Purpose

Component of Computer Input-Process-Output Concept Computer Hardware Computer Software Data, Information and Knowledge

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Input devices Keyboard Mouse TrackBall Joystick Digitizing Tablet Light Pen Touch Screen Audio Input Device Vidio Input Device Scanner Optical Input Devices

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Number System Kinds of Number Systems Converting Decimal Integer to Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal Converting Decimal Fraction to Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal Converting Decimal Integer Fraction to Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal Conversion of Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal to Decimal Conversion of Binary to Octal, Hexadecimal Conversion of Octal, Hexadecimal to Binary Binary Arithmetic Complement of Binary Numbers Binary Data Representation Binary Coding Schemes

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Supercomputers

Supercomputers

Supercomputers are the fastest and the most expensive machines. They have high processing speed compared to other computers. The speed of a supercomputer is generally measured in FLOPS (Floating point Operations Per Second). Some of the faster supercomputers can perform trillions of calculations per second. Supercomputers are built by interconnecting thousands of processors that can work in parallel.

Supercomputers are used for highly calculation-intensive tasks, such as, weather forecasting, climate research (global warming), molecular research, biological research, nuclear research and aircraft design. They are also used in major universities, military agencies and scientific research laboratories. Some examples of supercomputers are IBM Roadrunner, IBM Blue gene and Intel ASCI red. PARAM is a series of supercomputer assembled in India by C-DAC (Center for Development of Advanced Computing), in Pune. PARAM Padma is the latest machine in this series. The peak computing power of PARAM Padma is 1 Tera FLOP (TFLOP).

Supercomputers

Supercomputers

The Advantages of a Supercomputer

» Solve bigger problems
» Run more problems in shorter time
» May save money
» Allows for virtual testing
» Can be used for R&D

Disadvantages of Supercomputer

» Can be expensive
» Takes up a lot of space
» May only be good for specific applications
» Does not replace physical testing
» Requires trained staff

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